{"id":342935,"date":"2023-06-01T16:23:10","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T22:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xianblog.wordpress.com\/?p=53139"},"modified":"2023-06-01T16:23:10","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T22:23:10","slug":"galton-and-watson-voluntarily-skipping-some-generations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/2023\/06\/galton-and-watson-voluntarily-skipping-some-generations\/","title":{"rendered":"Galton and Watson voluntarily skipping some generations"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- \r\n<div style=\"min-height: 30px;\">\r\n[social4i size=\"small\" align=\"align-left\"]\r\n<\/div>\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid; background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #EDEDED; margin: 1px; font-size: 12px;\">\r\n[This article was first published on  <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/xianblog.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/02\/galton-and-watson-voluntarily-skipping-some-generations\/\"> R \u2013 Xi&#039;an&#039;s Og<\/a><\/strong>, and kindly contributed to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">R-bloggers<\/a>].  (You can report issue about the content on this page <a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/contact-us\/\">here<\/a>)\r\n<hr>Want to share your content on R-bloggers?<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/add-your-blog\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"> click here<\/a> if you have a blog, or <a href=\"http:\/\/r-posts.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"> here<\/a> if you don't.\r\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" data-attachment-id=\"53145\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/xianblog.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/02\/galton-and-watson-voluntarily-skipping-some-generations\/gw\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/xianblog.files.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/gw.gif\" data-orig-size=\"759,628\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\"aperture\":\"0\",\"credit\":\"\",\"camera\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"created_timestamp\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"\",\"focal_length\":\"0\",\"iso\":\"0\",\"shutter_speed\":\"0\",\"title\":\"\",\"orientation\":\"0\"}\" data-image-title=\"GW\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/xianblog.files.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/gw.gif?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/xianblog.files.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/gw.gif?w=450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-53145\" src=\"https:\/\/xianblog.files.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/gw.gif?w=450&#038;resize=450%2C372#038;h=372\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"372\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/>A<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/how-much-money-can-you-pull-out-of-a-hat\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">riddle<\/a> on a form of a Galton-Watson process, starting from a single unit, where no one dies but rather, at each of 100 generations, Dog either opts for a Uniform number \u03c5 of additional units or increments a counter \u03b3 by this number \u03c5, its goal being to optimise \u03b3. The solution proposed by <a href=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/can-you-game-the-currency-exchange\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">the Riddler<\/a> does not establish his solution\u2019s is the optimal strategy and considers anyway <em>average<\/em> gains. Solution that consists in always producing more units until the antepenultimate hour (ie incrementing only at the 99th and 100th generations),\u00a0 I tried instead various logical (?) rules and compared outputs by <a href=\"https:\/\/tio.run\/#%23pZNdb4IwFIbv@RVNvGmVKaXQ0mq9MuGC@AsWl2zGJSQTEDDTLP52dwqZAz\/2IVeF4znmec5b8uNxM3l43SbLMk4TXGhJPnpSMeHYKFBMujYSypXSQijUzjjSFJ5e0xyXKE4QVQWBd4QiHQ2K53X2tsJURTatq70sj5MSL3FoR4Q0B3ExoERRp@4LdXgxna\/KbZ6cZg@WlTc4Mz1kADpkilFho6GrXC@AkyrGHJie6fwlTtI1lja1M3KLHmSv4\/cxfZg9losbfH3z23XFQ4u9PfZlUrRNODcqgO55lQpzOZygxkHNgywghKGvOKNwciUqY6G4b@qBEsKYQ2Y0@M0z1pchGfe4j@OpjvrZt68pTU6VuzR7WZrmCFMeEGvbVpY1UQ3rNmHdP8FOLmGn3WDfzwB9k4mUPlwor1o\/XKxq\/fUpIBZerZ8xXq\/fMbFICU@e6BZEeBFE2Mlt13IzXzhIdVn\/KJrobFS2IUfR9FS7\/75Y@xas73S7KFPD@eSerbNRu4f0OAccA7KtU6Urj8z1@nmH53aBySNdkHH9t3Ni\/dC7@Ufv7h@9@7Pe4yc\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">bRute foRce<\/a>, resulting in higher maxima (over numerous repeated calls) for the alternative principle<\/p>\n<pre>s&lt;-function(p=.66){ \r\n   G=0;K=1 for(t in 1:9){ \r\n      i=sample(1:K,1) \r\n      K=K+i*(i&gt;=K*p)\r\n      G=G+i*(i&lt;K*p)}\r\n  return(c(G+sample(1:K,1),K))}<\/pre>\n\n\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid; background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #EDEDED; margin: 1px; font-size: 13px;\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">To <strong>leave a comment<\/strong> for the author, please follow the link and comment on their blog: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/xianblog.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/02\/galton-and-watson-voluntarily-skipping-some-generations\/\"> R \u2013 Xi&#039;an&#039;s Og<\/a><\/strong>.<\/div>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">R-bloggers.com<\/a> offers <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/feedburner.google.com\/fb\/a\/mailverify?uri=RBloggers\" rel=\"nofollow\">daily e-mail updates<\/a><\/strong> about <a title=\"The R Project for Statistical Computing\" href=\"https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">R<\/a> news and tutorials about <a title=\"R tutorials\" href=\"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/how-to-learn-r-2\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">learning R<\/a> and many other topics. <a title=\"Data science jobs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.r-users.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Click here if you're looking to post or find an R\/data-science job<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<hr>Want to share your content on R-bloggers?<a href=\"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/add-your-blog\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"> click here<\/a> if you have a blog, or <a href=\"http:\/\/r-posts.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"> here<\/a> if you don't.\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A riddle on a form of a Galton-Watson process, starting from a single unit, where no one dies but rather, at each of 100 generations, Dog either opts for a Uniform number \u03c5 of additional units or increments a counter \u03b3 by this number \u03c5, its goal being to optimise \u03b3. The solution proposed by [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342935"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=342935"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":381421,"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342935\/revisions\/381421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=342935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=342935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.r-bloggers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=342935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}